Technique

DTG pretreat troubleshooting, eight failure modes

Almost all DTG pretreat faults come from four variables: quantity applied, evenness of application, how dry the pretreat is before printing, and garment fibre content. Dull white means too little pretreat or under-drying, a visible box means over-application or an uneven edge, and wash-off means the pretreat and ink never bonded because the cure was short.

Dull whites, visible boxes, patchy coverage and wash-off, each with its cause and the fix, in order of frequency.

Nine out of ten DTG complaints are pretreat, not printing. The printer is usually doing exactly what it was told. The variable is the chemistry underneath.

1. Dull, grey or thin white

Cause: too little pretreat, or not dried properly.

Fix: increase the applied quantity and confirm by weight. Then press longer or hotter until the panel is genuinely dry and flat. Weighing is the important part; "looks about right" is how this drifts week to week.

2. Visible box or halo around the print

Cause: the pretreated area is bigger than the print, or its edge is hard.

Fix: spray only slightly beyond the print, feather the edge rather than stopping abruptly, and press the whole panel so any sheen change is consistent across it.

3. Patchy white, blotchy coverage

Cause: uneven application, a partially blocked sprayer nozzle, or an uneven press platen.

Fix: clean and test the nozzle onto paper, check the spray pattern, and check platen contact across the whole area. Worn platen foam causes pressure differences that look exactly like a chemistry fault.

4. Print washes off or fades badly after one wash

Cause: under-cure. The ink and pretreat never fully bonded.

Fix: verify actual temperature at the garment with a probe or temperature strip, not the machine's display, and extend the cure. Then wash-test a sample before shipping, as in the QC checklist.

5. Stiff, plasticky hand

Cause: too much pretreat, too much white, or double-curing.

Fix: reduce pretreat to the measured minimum that still gives a clean white, reduce white underbase density in the software, and cure once properly rather than twice partially.

6. Pretreat marks on the garment away from the print

Cause: overspray, drips, or handling with pretreat-contaminated gloves and platens.

Fix: contain the spray area, wipe the platen between garments, and keep pretreated garments away from finished ones. Contaminated platens transfer marks all day before anyone notices.

7. Poor results on a specific garment

Cause: fibre content or a garment finish. Polyester blends, bamboo, viscose and heavily softened or water-repellent finishes all behave differently from combed ring-spun cotton.

Fix: test every new blank before promising it, and keep a list of blanks that work. See choosing blanks.

8. Inconsistent results between mornings and afternoons

Cause: ambient humidity and temperature, and press recovery time.

Fix: let the press reach temperature between garments rather than working faster than it recovers, and note humidity if your results swing seasonally. Shops in humid climates often need longer drying.

The reference table

Symptom First suspect Second suspect
Dull white Too little pretreat Under-dried
Visible box Over-sprayed area Hard edge, partial pressing
Patchy white Nozzle or spray pattern Platen contact
Washes off Under-cure Pretreat and ink mismatch
Stiff hand Too much pretreat Too much white ink
Random marks Overspray Contaminated platen
One garment only Fibre content or finish Untested blank
Time-of-day drift Press recovery Humidity

Make it measurable

Every fix above depends on knowing what you did last time. Record applied pretreat weight, press time and temperature, and cure settings against the job, then a reorder can be reproduced rather than re-guessed.

Printer's Friend tracks pretreat per line item and holds the cure schedule on DTG jobs, so the settings live with the order. Pricing the extra pretreat and white ink properly is covered in how to price DTG.

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Questions

How much pretreat should I apply?
Enough to wet the surface evenly without soaking the fabric, then measured by weight so it is repeatable. Weigh the garment before and after until your sprayer settings are known, then work to that figure rather than by eye.
Why is there a visible square around my print?
The pretreated area is larger than the print, and pretreat changes how the fabric reflects light. Reduce the spray area to just beyond the print, feather the edges, and press the whole panel rather than only the print area.
Does pretreat need to be fully dry before printing?
Yes. Printing onto damp pretreat gives patchy white, poor colour and ink that sits wrong. Press it until dry and flat, and let heavy garments cool slightly before printing.

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Printer's Friend turns every job in this article into a tracked order: quote, artwork approval, production stage, invoice.

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Read next

Printing on dark garments: underbase explained → Halftones, LPI and mesh count: a practical pairing table → Choosing blanks: how to compare garments properly →